Had this exact problem. Yesterday front USB was working, but when I turned on PC this morning, the front USB wasn't working at all. Have my wireless KB+mouse radio plugged into it, and BIOS reported the missing keyboard.
I've decided to clean the case of the dust and change the thermal agent for the video card.
Now, it appeared that the videocard was gone. It's been working fine until I cleaned it. But the front USB wasn't working with it plugged into PCIE slot even when the video card was still working. I removed it and the front USB is working fine now.
I suspect, that any malfunctioning device can cause this glitch. To determine the reason, one needs to unplug everything, including the video card. Use the internal one to test this.