OK, everything is fine now and my system is more or less setup. I'm installing drivers and getting ready to go through my fresh installation checklist & installs.
Here's what I have found. Neither my desktop's built-in VGA or my GPU will display boot/pre-Windows/UEFI screens, etc. via DisplayPort until Windows is actually installed. Once Windows is installed, all boot screens, Windows, everything will display just fine, as long as whatever monitor it is hooked up to is the only monitor. Whenever I get around to hooking up my secondary monitor, which connects via HDMI, all boot/pre-Windows/UEFI screens display on my secondary monitor, then the system switches to my primary monitor (DisplayPort) after Windows loads.
Now, before anyone starts saying there's a problem with my cable, this system acts this way with three completely different cables, including the one that came with my Asus PG279Q. Also, this is the second system to act in this exact same manner. The other was my seven year-old system that my new rig is replacing.
Since I get this same behavior whether I'm using built-in VGA or GPU, I would tend to rule them out. Since every DisplayPort cable I've tried exhibits the exact same behavior, I'd rule them out too. I do have some other hardware that I've moved from that old computer, but most of it is external hardware, so I'd rule that out. The only piece of common hardware that leaves that I may consider an issue is the monitor itself.
All in all, it seems like very strange behavior. It didn't take too long to figure things out with a little help from Nate152, but I would've been screwed without a second HDMI capable monitor. Has anyone else with a PG279Q ever experienced anything like this? As things are, it doesn't cause me any issues now that my system is up and running, and I know how to get around it whenever I format and do a fresh install of Windows, so I probably won't be risking my monitor on an RMA, but still...
Any ideas?