I realize this is an older thread, but I felt compelled to add a little something to the conversation.
This might be (Having to have Turbo enabled, in order to overclock) "How it works" on ASUS boards from Z170 on, but it is certainly NOT how it works for all motherboards within the Intel fold. It's not an "Intel" thing, it's an ASUS thing, at minimum. I just switched to a Maximus VIII Hero board from a Gigabyte Z170x-Gaming 5 and my daily driver 4.6Ghz OC on that board did not require Turbo to be enabled. It was absolutely disabled. Same chipset, same CPU, different brand of board. So it's a fundamental part of how ASUS implemented overclocking on their boards, it is not specifically an Intel architectural requirement.
Frankly, I'm a bit disappointed with ASUS after coming back to them because of their bios being much better in some OTHER areas than what I found on my Gigabyte board. Previously, with my AM3+ Sabertooth board, I did not have to have turbo features enabled to overclock and I'm pretty damn sure that I didn't have to have it enabled on my Z97 Hero either. I guess it really isn't a tremendous deal breaker, but I'd prefer to not have the platform wishing to boost beyond what I've set the multipliers to and having to "boost" to the clocks I've set.
I'd much rather have it prefer to be at that setting as the baseline, and then reduce based on Speedstep and C state properties in order to reduce power consumption when full clocks are not necessary. Clearly, those two things are not the same even if they roughly achieve the same end result.