We actually have a pretty good idea of what temps were 1200 years ago, in fact there's a whole field of science dedicated to the investigation of it: paleoclimatology. We can get a good idea of ancient temps from reading ice cores and dendrochronology.

Asking what is defined as "normal" doesn't really have anything to do with climate science, it's generally just a measure of change, without a normative assumption. The change in temps that we are seeing right now is unprecedented in its speed given similar conditions.
Global warming models are still just as valid now as they were in the 30's. It has not been falsified. Whether or not convention calls it global warming is irrelevant, the alarm is referring to the same thing.
And the consensus is indeed that global warming is anthropogenic, there's even a peer-reviewed meta-study (the most rigorous kind of study) that studies a volume of the peer-reviewed literature that comes to this conclusion. It makes me scratch my head when someone says that there is no meaningful consensus, given all the evidence of consensus. The National Academy of Science accepts anthropogenic global warming, as does nearly every peer-reviewed climatology paper that's been accepted for publication, and nearly every meteorological and climatology organization. The verdict is in the peer-reviewed literature, there is a 97% consensus.
http://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensushttp://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12782http://skepticalscience.com/97-percent-consensus-cook-et-al-2013.htmlAnd it's certainly true that you wouldn't trust research on broccoli paid for by broccoli farmers, and that's why empirical methodology has rigorous built-in systems to exclude any kind of financial or emotional bias; it's kept out by definition at the most fundamental level. It's quite simply just how scientific research works.
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