The CHA_FAN1, CHA_FAN2 and CHA_FAN3 header work with 3 pin plugs and fan control is available via the BIOS or FAN Xpert in Windows. 3-pin fans are also controllable on the CPU_FAN header, I'm not sure about CPU_OPT though.
The other three fan headers (OPT_FAN1, OPT_FAN2 and OPT_FAN3) are controllable in the BIOS only and they can be in PWM mode or voltage mode.
EDIT: I think that OPT_Temp sensors need to be connected for the fans to change speed, otherwise the fan will just spin at a constant speed.
So to answer your questions:
A) Yes, I think so
B) the FAN Xpert graph in windows shows 0 -100% on the power Y-axis and 0 - 100°C on the temperature x-axis and on mine with a PWM CPU Fan the adjustment range is 20 - 100% for power and 0 - 100°C for temperature. On my 3-pin chassis fans the adjustable range is 40 - 100% for power and 0 - 100°C for temperature.
C) PWM is better because instead of altering the voltage it alters how often the voltage is applied so you could have a fan that won't run at all below a certain voltage but with PWM control the full voltage is applied in pulses so you can get a lower RPM on a fan that you couldn't with just voltage control.
MAIN AMD FX-8350 @ 4.78GHz | Asus Crosshair V Formula-Z | 16GB G.Skill TridentX | Radeon HD7970 3GB
SERVER/HTPC AMD Phenom II X4 940 @ 3.4GHz | DFI DK 790FXB-M2RSH | 8GB | Radeon HD5670