Thanks haxor, and yes Myk, I put in all the timings manually. It still didn't post after 5+ hours of being off with 2400 MHz, as well as when I just left EVERYTHING to factory settings, including the detected ram speed of 1333. As I said originally, it runs fine at 2400 MHz, but when I leave it off for several hours, it won't post anymore. I can shut it down and as long as I start it back up again in maybe less than 3 hours or so it's fine.
Anyway, I talked to Asus support today, and they told me to try rolling back the bios. However, the versions they suggested I use give me a broken English error message when I try to flash the bios, saying they aren't compatible. I'm guessing it has something to do with this 9590, because one of the bios updates mentions that it added support for "newer processors" with a broken link to what exactly qualifies as a newer processor.
Before I updated my bios through Asus' automatic updater (new one is dated Feb 2014), I was having issues posting as well, as in it froze at the ROG screen. I thought I would have to start over, so I unplugged my wireless keyboard/mouse combo to plug in the wired keyboard/mouse and suddenly it continued to post! Flash forward to today... I'm looking at this list of bios updates, and the most recent one is dated this month and the only update it lists for this new one is improved USB support for windows 8.1 64 bit, which is what I'm using.
I had been having massive intermittent lag spike issues using Logitech unifying software for my m510 mouse and k360 in windows 8.1, and I guess there was even a firmware update for the keyboard recently. On top of that, my Logitech wireless headset was also having some similar issues. I know windows 8.1 changed how USBs are handled, and manufacturers are scrambling to make compatible devices.
So my plan of attack at this point: I'm at work right now, and I had my comp set with the new usb friendly bios, ram set to 1866. If it posts when I get home, hooray! If it doesn't, I'm going to set everything back to factory again, remove my usb devices and/or unplug the whole damn thing when I go to bed, and see if I can get it to post when I wake up. I've got a buddy who has some 1600mhz ddr3 he can let me borrow if this fails, but I'm running out of ideas.
Anybody have any more advice? I feel like I really need the help of the community here.