In the past 24 hours I've changed my mind. At first I thought it was the SSD as occasionally when it would BSOD Windows wasn't generating a memory.dmp or minidump file (i.e. the SSD was dissappearing).
However my new theory is fluctuation in the vcore voltage is somehow tripping up Windows. To test this, I have the Asus AI Suite installed.. in particular the EPU tool. The EPU tool default is "High performance" which means loud fans and no automatic modifications to the vcore voltage, chipset voltage etc.. I proceed to run Prime95 in this mode for quite some time and the system did not crash. With Prime95 running, I switch EPU settings from "High performance" to "Auto".. within 30 seconds a BSOD would appear. I repeated this about 10 times and the same thing happened every time. "Auto" EPU settings allows the software to downgrade the vcore voltage on the fly.
Looking in Event Viewer after the BSOD there is a critical error "41 Kernel-Power System". I guess it could also mean my power supply is faulty (brand new Seasonic X-560).