The very best performance upgrade you could ever do on any PC is replace the system HDD with an SSD. SSDs aren't terribly expensive - and the flash NVRAM they're based on tends to double capacity and double speed and half price every couple years - they're almost "disposable" because they're so affordably replaceable, well worth the money for the advantages they offer over their HDD counterparts. So your SSD endurance is limited (it suffers tiny but cumulative losses in capacity and performance every time it's used) starting the first time you use it, but it'll still offer >95% of full-rated "new" capacity and performance for at least half a decade (by which time it can be replaced with something even bigger and faster and cheaper). A "dying" old SSD which has seen lots of (ab)use over years isn't as great as it was when new, but it'll still many times faster than the mightiest shiny new HDD. SSDs rarely "brick" these days (unless you muck around with the firmware), not with any greater frequency than HDD controller boards "brick" from burnt-out chips or corrupted firmware (ignoring the fact that HDD failure is typically attributed to motor failure, then media failure, then controller failure).
Korth wrote:
Stability and reliability just aren't the same sorts of issues they were in the early SSD days. NVRAM semiconductors are generally more robust these days (and always getting better), and their statistical failure-longevity cycles are now calculated with exacting accuracy. In fact, the expected write-erase cycles are now part of the binning parameters, consumer products are typically rated for 3K. Because costs are lower and densities and speeds are greater the manufacturers always install some (maybe ~7.5%) overprovisioning capacity. Advanced real-time wear-levelling algorithms are now embedded into the flash controller firmware runtimes, along with some onboard DRAM cache and even compression logic.
Bottom line is that every SSD starts eroding right from the first day onwards. But all but the very cheapest of today's SSDs actually have longevity/failure rates and statistical MTBF specs which generally exceed the best HDDs.
SSD longevity has indeed improved greatly since this was written. SSD makers now have a greater variety of NVRAM options (like MCL, TLC, 3D NAND, Optane, etc) which allow them a lot more flexibility when balancing tradeoffs between density, performance, longevity, and price. Flash controllers (and all the embedded algorithms/programs they run for encoding, error correction, encryption, compression, wear levelling, block optimization, flash recycling, buffer control, etc) have become faster, more robust, and more sophisticated. And they're paired with ever-larger (ever-cheaper) onboard (DRAM) cache sizes. And consumer models are starting to incorporate capacitor failsafes (already used in Enterprise SSDs for years) to avert data loss or flash media damage during sudden power loss events. Today's 1K-rated NVRAM has functional longevity nearly equivalent to 3K-rated NVRAM when I wrote this quoted text (less than 2 years ago), and all but the cheapest consumer SSDs today use NVRAM rated for 3K or 5K or even 10K.
Samsung 850 PRO SATA SSDs are rated for 150TBW to 600TBW (TeraBytes Written) and have a proven 10-year warranty. If you wanted to deliberately cause a 300TBW-rated 1TB SSD to fail 10 years from now, you'd have to write/overwrite >82GB per day (about 2.5 hours of uninterrupted maximum-speed write activity) every day for the full 10 years ... this is a **lot** of data (enough to hit monthly broadband download limits within days, enough to completely fill the 1TB drive in less than two weeks). If the drive fails early then you just get Samsung to replace it, reinstall your OS and softwares, restore your stuff from backup (you do backup, yes?) and you continue on exactly as before - albeit you lost some days to inconveniently dead SSD and you have a brand new fresh SSD to start killing off at 82GB per day over 10 years, lol.
Couple that with Samsung's RAPID Magician software - which caches Reads and/or Writes in main RAM - and you not only enjoy phenomenal performance gains but you'll extend your SSD longevity by a factor of 10 or more (or so Samsung says).
Some non-Samsung SSDs offer comparable endurance, longevity, and warranty. A few offer equivalents to Samsung RAPID caching software, although you can always use ASUS RAMCache software (same idea, similar performance gains, probably similar longevity gains, different implementation) on those which lack such software.
Intel's upcoming SSDs will offer even better longevity and warranty (or so Intel says). Most of
the other SSD manufacturers keep upping their warranty game to remain competitive.
We are in an era when operational MTBF/MTTF for SSDs has outpaced MTBF/MTTF for HDDs. SSDs also tend to be impervious to magnetic fields and RF noise, resistant to wider extremes of humidity/temperature, consume less power (which in turn generates less waste heat to de-rate them), and are able to survive much greater shock/impact/drop forces (because flash media has no extreme-precision mechanical moving parts) - so SSDs generally fare far better than HDDs over passing years (along with whatever data is written on them), whether they see active use or just sit in storage.
The only advantage offered by HDDs - and the only reason they're still around - is superior cost per GigaByte. Good for cheap storage of vast data archives - any stuff which isn't performance-sensitive - like movies, songs, photos, ebooks, etc. SSDs have smaller capacities - more than enough to install operating systems, programs, and some or all of your favourite games - but they can access this data almost "instantly", no more pauses and delays, no more waiting, no more drive-access bottlenecks, no more loading screens (and no more cheap kills on you from faster hardware in multiplayer). And NVMe SSDs are much faster than SATA SSDs. And they just keep on getting better!
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[/Korth]